【書名】Karl Popper - The Formative Years, 1902-1945:
Politics and Philosophy in Interwar Vienna
【著者】Malachi Haim Hacohen
【刊行】2000年11月
【出版】Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
【頁数】xiv+610 pp.
【価格】US$ 59.90
【ISBN】0-521-47053-6 (Hardcover)
【書評】※Copyright 2001 by MINAKA Nobuhiro. All rights reserved
ダーウィンのイメージが多くの未発表資料（書簡やノートブック）の公開によって大幅に書き換えられたように、科学哲学者カール・ポパーの生涯についても、数年前から初めて公開された未発表資料の公開によって、その記述に大きく変更を迫られることになりそうです。
本書は，そういう新資料を踏まえた初の伝記です。まだ、最初の数章しか読んでいませんが、コンラート・ローレンツとの交友ぶりや、ウィーンのユダヤ人社会の中での経歴（とりわけ社会主義とのかかわり）を詳しくたどっています。第１時世界大戦後に２０代を過ごした当時のポパーはほとんど【放浪の人】であり、さまざまな職を転々としていたようですね。
本書では、「世紀末ウィーン」の世相・社会・文化についての記述が随所にあり、予備知識がないとわかりづらいかもしれません。先月出版（復刊）された平凡社ライブラリーの『ウィトゲンシュタインのウィーン』が時代背景を知る上で参考になります。
【目次】
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
Context, biography, and autobiography in Popper scholarship 8
1. Progressive philosophy and the politics of Jewish assimilation in late imperial Vienna 23
Vienna Jewry in the age of Franz Joseph 25
Anti-Seminism, the crisis of the Jewish liberalism, and Viennese progressionism 34
Viennese cosmopolitanism: German, Austrian, and Jewish 46
Progressionism and Austrian philosophy 53
Childhood: Home and school in fin-de-siecle Vienna 61
2. The great war, the Austrian revolution, and communism 71
Youth in war 71
Revolution: Popper as a communist 77
The socialization debate 86
Science and revolutionary intellectuals, 1919-1920 90
3. The early 1920s: School reform, socialism, and cosmopolitanism 98
Popper's apprenticeship: Music, mathematics, and carpentry, 1920-1928 99
Popper and Viennese school reform 107
Politics and philosophy at the margins of German culture: Polanyi, Kraft, Nelson, and the _Fries'schen Schule_ 117
_Heimat_, socialism, and cosmopolitanism 127
4. The Pedagogic Institute and the psychology of knowledge, 1925-1928 132
The Pedagogic Institute 134
"'Habit' and the 'experience of lawfulness' in education" (1927) 142
In Heinrich Gomperz's orbit: Liberalism and science, old and new 149
"On the methodological problem of cognitive psychology" (1928): Popper's intellectual stalemate 156
Psychology after the breakthrough: "Memorization from the perspective of self-activity" (1931) 163
From psychology to philosophy: Autobiography and intellectual history 168
5. The philosophical breakthrough, 1929-1932 171
"Axioms, definitions, and postulates of geometry" (1929) 172
Settling down? Marriage and philosophical revolution 178
The Vienna Circle 186
"The Two Fundamental Problems of Epistemology": The critique of induction (1930-1932) 196
Popper and the Vienna Circle: The positivist legend 208
6. The logic of scientific discovery and the philosophical revolution, 1932-1935 214
Publication: Private and public drama 215
Nonfoundationist philosophy: The epistemological revolution, 1932-1933 224
Writing _Logik der Forschung_, 1933-1934: The limits of friendship and memory 235
_Logik der Forschung_: Revolutionary methodology 244
Falsification vs. protocols: Critical rationaslism, logical positivism, and the poststructuralist conundrum 261
Ambiguous reception? _Logik der Forschung_ 1935 275
7. Red Vienna, the "Jewish question", and emigration, 1946-1937 290
Red Vienna and Interwar Austrian politics 291
The "Jewish question" 299
Emigration 309
Popper's critique of Austrian socialism 326
8. Social science in exile, 1938-1939 336
Life in exile, 1937-1939 337
"What is dialectic?" 347
"The Poverty of Historicism", 1935-1940 352
9. The open society, 1940-1942 383
The political project 384
Historicism and totalitarianism: Popper and Soviet communism 394
Plato, Socrates, classical Athens, and the "West" 399
Critical rationalism betrayed: Popper's attack on Hegel 428
Critical rationalism and Marxism 439
10. The rebirth of liberalism in science and politics, 1943-1945 449
Publication woes 450
History, social science, and the politics of planning, 1944-1945 462
Popper and postwar European liberalism 495
Epilogue: Popper in the postwar world, 1946-1994 521
Bibliography 552
Index 591